Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Internet Addicition Essay

Much evidence has been alleged that social pathologies are beginning to surface in cyberspace (i.e., internet addictions). A lot of controversy is surrounding the question, is there proof that the internet is being abused and misused by individuals on an everyday basis and should we consider this to be a major mental health problem? Key Arguments: * Why do people have attachment insecurity and dissociation with their lives to make them choose to be disorganized, and allow a fantasy world to take over resulting in problematic internet abuse. * How information and communication technologies changing our way of interacting with reality. * What are the psychological symptoms involving disturbed relationships with technologies emerging, how some are more affected than others. * How different forms of related dependence behaviours, such as an addiction to social networking, cybersex, online gambling, or web-based role-playing games are affecting our need to be on the internet. * How some games reward â€Å"achievements† and â€Å"goals† making the cyber game goals more important of that than reality goals. * Does social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and other forms of cyber communication have detrimental effects related to internet addiction. * Internet Gambling, main reasons for internet addiction, however not just costing their health but impacting finances and crippling family relationships. Critical Analysis Article 1: Reference (2) Researchers have begun to examine the personal and social consequences associated with excessive online involvement. The present study examined college students’ problematic Internet use (PIU) behaviors Its specific aim was to investigate the links between PIU with both internalizing (depression, social anxiety) and externalizing (substance use and other risky behaviors) problems. Article 2: Reference (4) There are many psychological factors surrounding the present issue of internet addiction, using evidence such as Social Networking Sites (SNS)e.g., facebook , twitter etc, Massive Multiplayer Online games and Internet Gambling as my three key topics. The aim is to provide a clear and concise method about how individuals who consistently spend their time on the internet are having detrimental effects on their physical, social and psychological life. Article 3: Reference (5) There is an increasing need for the provision of both internet addiction prevention and care for any sufferers, psychologist should be weary of the dangers of internet abuse when youth present with anti-social, aggressive behaviours. Socialization in girls may be warped towards online contact and the user may beneï ¬ t from providing alternatives. The aim is to focus on internet-related addictive behaviours and how to include the use of suitable diagnostic tools, a detailed personal interview, a mental health status examination and information regarding the overt behaviours gathered by the surroundings. I want to engage the reader to believe that internet addiction is a real mental health issue, that effects youth all the way to late adolescent, whether it be an addiction though games, gambling, social media etc, there is evidence to say that individuals influenced by this addiction are not progressing in life, because excess use of a cyber world has become a major part of their li ves or taken over their lives. Structure: – Evidence addiction in Video Games (Kuss, Daria J; Griffiths, Mark D. Studies): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Psychological Evidence to Addiction (Griffiths, M Study & Gencer, S L & Koc, M Study): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Evidence addiction to Social Networking Systems (Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., & Irons J G Article): Main conclusions stemming from this source References Bozkurt, H; Coskun, M; Ayaydin, H; Adak, I; Zoroglu, S S (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 67(5), pp. 352-359. De, L., & Josepth, A. (2013). Problematic Internet Use and Other Risky Behaviours in College Students: An Applicationof Problem-Behaviour Theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), pp. 133-141. DOI: 10.1037/a0030823. Gencer, S L & Koc, M. (2012) Internet abuse among teenagers and Its relations to internet usage patterns and demographics. Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 15(2), pp. 25-36. Griffiths, M. (2010). Internet abuse and Internet addiction in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 22(7), 2010, pp. 463-472. Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., & Irons J G (2012) Relationship Between Facebook Use and Problematic Internet Use Among College Student. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 15(6), pp. 324-327. Kuss, D J; Griffiths, M D. , Internet video game addiction: A systematic review of empirical research in the literature. Revue Adolescence. 30(1), 2012, pp. 17-49.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas

Abstract IntroductionBackgroundThe nature of the environment in which a business operates determines how it engages other players in the sector. This, therefore, determines the types of contracts that businesses get into. The oil and gas industry relies on contracts to carry out its activities just like other business entities do. The oil and gas industry mainly engages production sharing contracts, driven by the numerous stakeholder interests the sector has.Research TopicThe Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas (Case Study of Sonangol, an Angolan Oil Company)AimThe aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of production sharing contracts in the oil and gas industry, with particular interest in Sonangol, an oil company in Angola.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are: To determine the nature of the oil and gas business in Africa To determine the types of contracts administered in the oil and gas sector To determine the share of production sharing contracts relative to other types of contracts To establish the reasons for adoption of production sharing contracts at SonangolResearch questionsWhat types of contracts does Sonangol engage Are production sharing contracts prevalent at Sonangol Why does Sonangol adopt production sharing contracts What benefits and challenges do Sonangol get by using production sharing contracts Literature ReviewKey WordsContracts, Production Sharing Contracts, Effects, Prevalence, Economics, International Oil Companies, National Oil Companies, AngolaKey LiteratureBindemann, K., 1999. Production Sharing Agreements: An Economic Analysis This source touches on the economics of production sharing agreements with reference to oil and gas in Angola and the Middle East. Bindemann, K. 2000. The Response of Oil Contracts to Extreme Price Movements. Discussion Paper. Department of Economics (University of Oxford). Fattouh, B. and Darbouche, H., 2010. North African oil and foreign investment in changing market conditions. Energy Policy, 38(2), pp.119-1129.Gaps in literatureMost literature refers to situations in North Africa and the Middle East and not Angola or Sonangol. Most available literature is more than five years old. Chances are that the conditions have changed, rendering them irrelevant to current circumstances This section presents an analysis of existing literature on Oil and Gas in Africa and Angola in particular, while studying the types of contracts that oil and gas companies utilize. This is broken down into subtopics as follows:Oil and gas in AfricaThis section provides a general overview of the oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, countries, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Africa Challenges in the African oil and gas industryOil and gas in AngolaThis section provides an overview of the Angolan oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Angola Challenges in the Angolan oil and gas industry Merits of oil and gas to the Angolan EconomyContracting in the oil and gas industryTypes of contracts administered in the global oil and gas industry Comparison between contracting in Africa and the Middle EastProduction Sharing Co ntractsIdentify the parties involved Terms and conditions Benefits/demeritsContracting at Sonangol (Types of contracts)Encompasses all types of contractual agreements Sonangol engages Criteria Sonangol uses to select the type of contractual agreements it uses Ratio of contracts based on typeProduction sharing contracts at SonangolThe nature of production sharing contracts at Sonangol Parties involved Responsibility Terms and conditions Research Methodology The study will follow the constructivist approach and rely on the analysis of secondary data that will be obtained both from the private and public domain. Of particular interest will be records from Sonangol and researches published in journals. The research will use catalogues to locate relevant books and indexes to locate appropriate periodicals. In addition, the study will use the Internet to find relevant electronic resources and databases. An analysis of the books, periodicals, and databases would follow to ascertain the authority and quality of information. Data analysis will be quantitative. Findings i.Reasons for the adoption of production sharing contracts at Sonangolii.Advantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol iii.Disadvantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol iv.Comparison between production sharing contracts and other types of contracts at SonangolDiscussion Discuss the reasons for the prevalence of production sharing contracts at Sonangol, their merits, demerits, and challenges. Conclusion Summary of the suitability of production sharing contracts at Sonangol. Are they the best for the oil and gas industryShould they be upheld? References List of all works cited in the study Appendices Relevant documents, tables, and graphs

Monday, July 29, 2019

Moral Problem Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Moral Problem Paper - Essay Example However, the ethical questions raised by the CEO relate to the work structure, expectations for the sales and the functions that are within the business. Background and Facts The difficulties with the Wal – Mart store and the overall functions are known to relate to the overall structure of the group and the way that it works with customers and with employees. The store is renowned for the work structure that is not able to support those working in the front lines. This begins with a lack of compensation that is given to workers, sweat shops that are used to produce the different items and the inability to meet needs of those that are working for the company. The structure is known to consist of employees that are required to work seven days a week or overtime to make enough from the company. At the same time, the company is known to offer welfare to the workers, specifically because it doesn’t pay enough to those who are working within the structure. The problems with the structure continue with known buybacks, which recently consists of over $15 billion in stocks, specifically which is going to the CEO and other top executives, as opposed to those who are working within the company (Gogoi, 1). The current situation of Wal – Mart is one that is now being followed by the new CEO, Mike Duke. The president was brought into the company in 2009, specifically with the last CEO stepping down before being caught up in the controversies of the employment and other factors relating to morality. At this time, labor unions and others were beginning to protest against the employment at Wal – Mart, which was causing a loss in sales from preceding years. The main issue which Duke is being presented with is to save the image of Wal – Mart and to begin changing the reputation of the unfair treatment of employees both in the United States and abroad. The question which is now being looked into is how Duke will work with the ethical complexitie s which were left behind, specifically with the lost money and the lack of employee rights that have caused the business of Wal – Mart to begin losing the reputation it once had for low prices (Kapner, 1). Utilitarian Analysis The approach which Duke is facing is one which is based on restructuring the belief that the treatment of employees and the overall structure of the company are immoral. The time before Duke was a part of Wal – Mart led to actions from labor unions and spotlights on how the workers didn’t receive enough pay or has basic human rights when working for the company. The first concept which Duke needs to approach from the Utilitarian analysis is the pleasure versus pain approach. From this viewpoint, there is the need to restructure the employee compensation and the worker rights in Wal – Mart. If the employees are happy and have a sense of pleasure of working at the company, then it will bring a greater good to the store. To do this, hi gher levels of compensation, worker rights and limitations on how much an employee works become the main factor. However, Duke will need to look at other limitations, such as decreasing the amount of expansion and the amount of payments which are going to other aspects of the company. Since these parts don’t cause pain, it will lead to greater moral value with employees and the overall attributes of the company. The second aspect that is considered with

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Personal Statement for international relations course - 1

For international relations course - Personal Statement Example It is my considered opinion that Russia has to perforce work with the comity of nations as a team member. The world is now more or less globalised, and no nation can afford to ignore the claims of international relations. It has been acknowledged that the people of my generation have to come forth and shoulder the onerous task of improving international relations. This is a sine qua non, and failure to do so will ensure the isolation of Russia within a short span of 10 years. The unswerving objective to embark upon this course is my primary motivator in life. In school, I became an acknowledged leader, as evidenced by my being offered the post of a prefect, within a year of my joining school. This served to render me more responsible, reliable and patient. I assiduously studied Economics, History, Mathematics and Politics, which enhanced my analytical and writing skills substantially. This enabled me to participate in the Royal Economic Society Competition of 2014, which demands superlative analytical and writing skills. My essay was titled â€Å"Is Independence Consistent with Scotland Keeping the Pound?† Moreover, I am experienced in international relations due to my tenure in a law firm located in China. This firm is one of the best in China, in the area of international conflicts. Consequently, I became an adept in international relations. Thus, I have become familiar with Chinese law, international law, and the reasons behind the emergence of disputes between nations. My Russian origin and employment in China made me proficient in several languages. As a result, I can research and analyse information from diverse sources and in different languages. Furthermore, this expertise has significantly improved my capacity to solve problems, evaluate arguments and separate facts from redundant and irrelevant information. My fairly considerable written and verbal skills have made me competent in presenting and

Saturday, July 27, 2019

QI strategies in performance measurements Essay

QI strategies in performance measurements - Essay Example The other methodology necessary for integrating QI strategies and performance measures is the use of a framework. The framework should contain various guidelines on how the two above can be integrated effectively and even the dangers involved if the process and guidelines presented are not stipulated. The framework is the most effective and requires less technical expertise. This is however too simple to yield a good integration since some issues are not incorporated. The third methodology is having a combination of different methodologies. Since different methodologies have their own pros and cons when used on their own and may prove ineffective in integrating QI strategies and performance measures, a combination of several methodologies (for example the use of framework and information technology) will ensure that the pros of the methodologies are more than the cons and hence integration will be more successful. The disadvantage of this is that it will take more time for the combin ation to occur and also will require more technical expertise compared to just using a single methodology (Lighter and Fair, 2007). The use of information technology is most effective in the recreational facilities plan. This is because it requires less health care staff hovering around the patients and reminding them of their health conditions. It will also ensure that patients have freedom to enjoy the facilities without constant monitoring and also constantly being taken to their rooms for medication.

Friday, July 26, 2019

Analysis of Abortion Theme in Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Abortion Theme in Literature - Essay Example For instance, there are a lot of disputes with pro and con arguments concerning the legalization of marihuana, the animal deaths for the sake of scientific experiments, the problem of corruption or possible methods to reduce alcohol dependence and others. Within entire variety of such ‘everlasting’ matters there is also one that causes considerable interest from the point of view of morality, ethics, social aspect and medicine simultaneously. Its level of development is able to affect demography and living standards of any country dramatically. This pressing issue manages to bring sometimes undesirable changes to people’s lives. And finally, present query deals with human health condition, which can be damaged irreparably if required preventive measures are not used in time. The problem which the present paper is dedicated to is the matter of abortions in modern society. Statistical data The world statistics shows that the biggest percentage of women who are prone to obtain abortions goes to the group of girls under twenty five years old. Over 60% of all medical procedures are done on women who have never been married (Henshaw and Kost 11). Moreover, only 7% of abortions happen due to rape or health problems, meanwhile about 93% of all abortions are committed because of social reasons, when a woman deliberately and consciously desires to get rid of unwanted baby. Today the question about whether abortion is ethically right or wrong action still quite controversial issue. Hence, in some states of the USA authorities provide financial assistance to insolvent women for enabling them to obtain mentioned medical procedure. However, in some countries, such as Brazil, Peru, Bangladesh, Colombia and Mexico, abortion has official status of illegal deed. Philosophic and religious attitude The matter of abortions from the view of ethics has been always a disputable notion among numerous philosophers. Jane English differentiates own visions concerning m entioned issue due to the stages of pregnancy. Hence, she believes that in the early months of pregnancy a baby in a womb should not be considered as a person, this means that a fetus has no any rights and moral status yet and abortion may take place. However, if there are late months of pregnancy then abortion should occur only if labor may cause damage to woman’s health condition (qtd. in Hillar and Prahl 133). By contrast with English, Mary Ann Warren concludes that no matter what period of pregnancy is a fetus should be considered as an inseparable part of woman’s body, therefore she has a full right to make a decision. It should be mentioned that different religions also have own visions to the problem of interrupted pregnancy. For example, the Orthodox Church objects to abortions, while Jewish faith claims that â€Å"a fetus is hot considered a full human being and has no juridical personality of its own† (Zwerin and Shapiro 31). Reasons of abortion It is well known that a decision to give a birth to a baby is a serious and essential step that requires prolong and weighted reflections. There is no harder and more crucial issue for a woman than to make up own mind concerning the possibility of her potential child’s future life. Feeling a burden of huge responsibility, a lot of women are prone to find courage for interrupting pregnancy artificially. This happens because of several reasons, the major of which are the following: childbirth may damage

Business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business - Personal Statement Example Controlling my emotions at the time was very difficult as losing that job was the first major problem I had encountered and it affected my self-esteem. I felt angry and frustrated, resulting in a lot of stress that really affected my relationship with my partner and closest friends. I was unable to control my anger and would often let it out on my friends, with some distancing themselves from me because of my negative attitude and bad temper. Several resources played an important role in helping me cope with the various issues that arose at the time. The first very important resource was prayer that really helped me to focus on my future options and forget the past negative experience. It also helped me cope with my feelings of anger, and anxiety as well as the various frustrations I experienced during that period I stayed jobless. Going in hand with prayer was my acceptance of the situation I was in at the time as this helped me to understand the position I was in and to identify the various steps I would undertake in order to get a new job. The second major resource was my mentor who helped me to understand that I was going through a normal phase of life that other successful people that I admire have passed through and were able to rise despite that hurdle in life. Mentorship is a very successful way of addressing and coping with change (Krayer and Lee, 78). My mentor was also very helpful in assisting me to find a ne w job by linking me with new resource people and organizations. The third major resource was my family and friends who provided me with an encouraging environment during the period I was unemployed. My family offered both financial and emotional support that was very important to me at the time. Despite my negative attitude towards them, they were able to share with me their own experiences after they lost jobs and the various steps they undertook to cope with the loss as well as some of the necessary

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Taoism View of Knowledge Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taoism View of Knowledge - Case Study Example Socrates’ profession of his ignorance is widely known because he does not proclaim that he knows nothing. He asserts that he knows nothing valuable. If one understands the nature of human virtues, he will know how to conduct his life. He also comes up with a principle called the priority of definition. One cannot specify what something is unless he provides its definition. Since we have all lived with knowledge buried in us, we only need to reactivate it to bring it to the surface. Knowledge involves the ability to elucidate why things are the way they are. In a nutshell, knowledge is the understanding of the subject matter rather than a guess or an opinion of what something entails. Thus, learning is a recollection (Buffy 39-51). Taoism is one of the major religio-philosophical traditions that have shaped Chinese life for a long time. It is characterized by a positive and active attitude towards the theories on the nature of reality. Taoism incorporates the ideas and attitudes of Lao-Tzu (Tao Te Ching) and his later commentators Chuang-Tzu and Lieh –Tzu who influenced the worship of Tao. On constructs of knowledge and language, Taoists holds the view that all human beings are fundamentally one. Differences only arise when people lose sight of the whole and see their ways as worthy. He compares those people with a frog at the base of the well who values the brightness he sees from the sky.   All that is good and evil, true or false are relative notions; an argument means that one is failing to see (Hans 21). The Taoists view of the ideal relates to being innocent of knowledge and devoid of desire. However, the basics of food and clothing are exceptional in the free of desire. Other desires above these basics need to be overcome. Desiring food is acceptable but the desire for delicacies is what is discouraged. Knowledge of what is desirable brings excitement and satisfaction. Knowledge is unavoidable, hence, we need to use it to reduce rather than increase desire. Unfortunately, we use knowledge to increase desire because what we do not know cannot hurt us.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

5step Approach to Biomedical Science Research Essay

5step Approach to Biomedical Science Research - Essay Example But these molecular determinants were undefined. In an another report thapsigiargin , a sesquiterpene lactone inhibits both mammalian and malarial SERCAs. These findings led to hypothesis that artermisins interact with a region of PfATP6 that binds thapsigargin-binding cleft of malarial and mammalian SERCAs, and are the determinant of the arteminisinin.Based on the previous data and literature, the authors identified PfATP6 as a target site. Using bioinformatics the researchers compared the amino acid sequences of mammalian and malarial SERCAs, and found that the leu263 residue is unique along with few more amino acid. After identification, different mutant were constructed to determine the affinity of arteminsins towards these mutated forms to establish its role of each amino acid towards arteminsins sensitivity.To determine the role of leu263 and other amino acids in PfATP6 doain. Different mutant of PfATP6 were express in Xenopus oocyte and functionality test were performed. It wa s shown that in case of altered Leu263 sensitivity decreased to almost three fold. Whereas alteration of other amino acids along with leu263 lead to 10 fold decrease in sensitivity. Similarly, introduction of Leu263 in non-sensitive sps. like Plasmodium vivax and P. berghei ether increased or decreased sensitivity.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Public Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Finance - Assignment Example The point E shows the equilibrium point where P=Q. Subsequently, this is the point where the Marginal Revenue is equal to the Marginal Cost. This means that the value of the wine produced is virtually equal to the wine not produced hence an efficient output, Solow (1998). In the event where the wine industry is consolidated into a large monopoly firm, the unit price of wine will rise to $ 7 per bottle with 75000 bottles produced. Monopolists are price makers since they do not face any competition. Therefore, the monopoly is at will to increase the prices to $7, a $2 increase. With this effect, their demand curve is price inelastic. Therefore, monopolists try to maximize profits by setting output at the point where MR=MC, Telser (1987). Point X shows the price that is adjusted upwards by the monopoly. In this case, it is $ 7. Subsequently, point E represents the equilibrium where MR=MC with 75000 units produced. In this case, therefore, the output is not efficient since the price is greater than the Marginal Cost. This means that the utility obtained from wine consumption is greater than the utility forwent, Nikaidō (1975). Additionally, the shaded area in the graph represents the loss in the net benefits due to a subsequent reduction in production and utility, Triffin

Monday, July 22, 2019

Islamic Pottery Essay Example for Free

Islamic Pottery Essay Medieval Islamic pottery occupied a geographical position between Chinese ceramics and the pottery of the Byzantine Empire and Europe. For most of the period it can fairly be said to have been between the two in terms of aesthetic achievement and influence as well, borrowing from China and exporting to and influencing Byzantium and Europe. The use of drinking and eating vessels in gold and silver, the ideal in ancient Rome and Persia as well as medieval Christian societies, is prohibited by the Hadiths, with the result that pottery and glass were used for tableware by Muslim elites, as pottery (but less often glass) also was in China, but was much rarer in Europe and Byzantium. Islamic restrictions In the same way Islamic restrictions greatly discouraged figurative wall-painting, encouraging the architectural use of schemes of decorative tiles, which are the most distinctive and original speciality of Islamic ceramics. Era of Islamic Pottery The era of Islamic pottery started around 622. From 633, Muslims armies moved rapidly towards Persia, Byzantium, Mesopotimia, Anatolia, Egypt and later Andalusia. Early History of Islamic Pottery The early history of Islamic pottery remains somewhat obscure and speculative as little evidence has survived. Apart from tiles which escaped destruction due to their use in architectural decoration of buildings and mosques, much early medieval pottery vanished. The Muslim world inherited significant pottery industries in Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, North Africa (African Red Slip) and later other regions. Early Medieval (622-1200) A distinct Muslim style in pottery was not firmly established until the 9th century in Iraq (formerly Mesopotamia), Syria and Persia. During this period pieces mainly used white tin-glaze. Information on earlier periods is very limited. This is largely due to the lack of surviving specimens in good condition which also limits the interest in the study of ceramics of these periods. The most highly regarded technique of this centre is the use of calligraphy in the decoration of vessels. Chinese influence on Islamic Pottery During the Abbasid dynasty pottery production gained momentum, largely using tin glazes mostly in the form of opaque white glaze. Some historians, such as Arthur Lane, attribute the rise of such industry to Chinese influence. Three main phases According to Lane, the influence of Chinese pottery progressed in three main phases.  ·The first contact with China took place in 751 when the Arabs defeated the Chinese at the Battle of Talas. It has been argued that imprisoned Chinese potters and paper makers could have taught the Muslims the art of pottery and paper-making. In 800’s Chinese stoneware and porcelain reached the Abbasids.  ·The second phase took place in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, a period noted for the decline of pottery industry following the fall of the Seljuk dynasty. This period also saw the invasion of the Mongols who brought Chinese pottery traditions.  ·The third phase was in the fifteenth century, when much of this influence came through imports made from Tang, Song and Ming dynasties at the hand of Zheng He. Islamic innovations From between the eighth and eighteenth centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacifiedglazing, for the production of tin-glazed pottery, was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. Middle (1200–1400) By this period the distinctive Islamic tradition of decorated wall tiles had emerged, and continued to develop together with vessel pottery in a way unique to Islamic art. The Seljuks brought new and fresh inspiration to the Muslim world, attracting artists, craftsmen and potters from all regions including Egypt. In addition to continuing the production of similar (although more refined) tin and lustre glaze ceramics, the Seljuks (in Persia) were credited for the introduction of a new type sometimes known as Faience. This is made from a hard white frit paste coated with transparent alkaline glaze. Examples of Islamic Period Pottery  ·Glazed pottery  ·Unglazed pottery Glazed pottery Glazed pottery is typical for the Islamic Period in Egypt, but there is evidence that is was already introduced in the Byzantine Period (Engeman 1990). In contrast to Faience and the glazed materials of the Pharaonic period, true glass was used as glazing. Colours were produced by adding metallic oxides. When transparent it could be applied over paintings. Unglazed pottery  ·Water jugs had often filters built into the neck for keeping out the flies. Especially the examples from Egypt are produced with great delicacy.  ·Most of the pottery of daily use produced in the Islamic period (including down to today) is unglazed.  ·Vessels of uncertain function, with compact fabric: suggestions for use vary from military projectiles to storage of vintage wine.

Macro Management Scheme in NEMO Environment

Macro Management Scheme in NEMO Environment An enhanced Macro Management Scheme in NEMO Environment to Achieve Seamless Handoff Qoutibah AlAssi 1. Abstract In NEMO(NETWORK MOBILITY) and when they are connected to the Internet through mobile or even laptops and during the move from one place to another process occurs disconnect this process its output practically at the point of contact with SMR within the network NEMO have changed any that HA(HOME AGENT) was Mtaatsal with SMR in the network and moved ha to another area and want SMR in other network to communicate with ha and thus the transformation of the SMR to SMR Other. During the handoff process that leads to the loss of Internet connection and thus can not ha sending and receiving the packet data and this leads to a loss of packet data and delay during normal time. And wont to shows that proposed scheme outperforms the standard NEMO BSP in terms of packet loss (packet loss less than 6%) COA: CARE OF ADDRESS. BU MESSAGE: BINDING UPDATE. RO : ROUTER OPTIMIZATION. MBB: MAKE-BEFORE-BREAK. MNN: MOBILE NETWORK NODES. LMA : LOCAL MOBILITY ANCHORS. LMD : LOCAL MOBILITY DOMAIN. LFN : LOCAL FIXED NODE. 2. Introduction: In NEMO BSP and during cutting and re-connect only Coa in SMR is capable of recording HA, which affects the process of completing handoff in terms of packet loos and the delay One solution that will be shown off here is the use of macro mobility mangement scheme for NEMO network, which integrates improved fhmipv6 with the mobile network This leads to speed handoff mechanism for SMR handoff with LFN in NEMO network There are two well known mechanisms in internet mobility to reduce the handoff delay are classified into host mobility HMIPV6, FMIPV6, HMIPV6)as well as the network mobility(NEMO BSP)[1-3]. According to host mobility , the main purpose of HMIPv6 is [4] to decrease the frequency and latency of location updates caused by MNs mobility where as the FMIPv6[5] can reduce the handover latency and packet loss during handover of MN through providing all the necessary information of next AR for layer 3 handover before going to the part of its subnet. Due to further reduce signaling overhead and packet loss, it is possible to use HMIPv6 and FMIPv6 jointly known as FHMIPv6 [6]. If these mechanisms are combined in NEMO environment then mobile. Node (MN) and mobile router(MR) performs different IP layer handoff. Hence it is needed to apply some mechanisms which are able to adapt improved FHMIPv6[7] in order to achieve uninterrupted internet connection during handoff for mobile routers with its nods in NEMO network [8]. As an extension of NEMO BSP, in this research some NEMO based handoff schemes have been analyzed in terms of packet loss and handoff delay. This research structured as follows: firstly, evaluates some mobility management schemes to achieve seamless handoff in NEMO network . then the detailed operation of the proposed schemes discussed. After that, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via network simulator (NS-2). 3. Research Problem: In NEMO and when they are connected to the Internet through mobile or even laptops and during the move from one place to another process occurs disconnect this process its output practically at the point of contact with SMR within the network NEMO have changed any that HA was Mtaatsal with SMR in the network and moved ha to another area and want SMR in other network to communicate with ha and thus the transformation of the SMR to SMR Other. During the handoff process that leads to the loss of Internet connection and thus can not ha sending and receiving the packet data and this leads to a loss of packet data and delay during normal time. And wont to shows that proposed scheme outperforms the standard NEMO BSP in terms of packet loss (packet loss less than 6%) 4. Literature Review: There are several extensions of NEMO Basic Support Protocol (NEMO BSP) in order to allow multihoming, nested mobile networking and the route optimization. The authors in paper [9], presents a new architecture and mechanism in order to optimize the routing mechanisms in nested mobile networks for NEMO basic support and the performance analysis of this new architecture is properly done for reducing the handoff latency. In accordance with the proposed mechanism, two types of Mobile Router (MR) are distinguished primarily. MRs which have direct access to the infrastructure via their egress interfaces, are denoted as TLMRs for Top Level MRs. All others mobile routers in the nested mobile network are denoted as IMRs for Intermediate Mobile Routers. The proposed solution is achieved by adding functionality to the Mobile Nodes/ Mobile Routers (MN/MR) and Home Agents (HA). A new one-bit field R is added to the Router Advertisement (RA) messages. This field is set to 1 by MR and inform other nodes that they are connected to a mobile/moving network. As soon as a MR connects to a new point of attachment and receives a new CoA, it starts advertisin g a RA message in its mobile network after setting the field R to 1. When a new MR visits this mobile network and receives a RA with the field R set to 1, it behaves as an IMR as shown in Figure 1. With the intention of providing information about the CoA of Mobile Nodes, a new â€Å"CoA option† is added to binding ppdate messages. Indeed except the new CoA option field, there is no additional message or overhead in this scheme. By applying this mechanism it is possible to avoid any ingress filtering mechanism. Additionally the home address of the BU message is added to the security policy, so that packets originated from this address can be forwarded. This solution minimizes the registration delay component of the overall handoff latency to some extent. However it is still an open issue for current researchers. Fig1: Mobility management in nested mobile network [9] In [10], explains an adaptive NEMO support protocol which formulates the use of the HMIPv6 and NEMO basic support protocols. Depending on the SMR in the adaptive NEMO support protocol, utilizes the adaptive BU strategy. This is the main feature differentiating a mobile network. When the SMR is low it is essential to decrease the number of BUs which is the main reason to use the adaptive BU whereas when the SMR is high then the number of tunneling is reduced. By using the adaptive mechanism, it is shown that the adaptive NEMO support protocol is scalable and works sound for different mobile environments as well as improves the performance because of low SMR as well. Hence, this technique is most significant for the NEMO networks. However, further research need to reduce implementation overhead in order to SMR measurement with security concern. In [11], explains the measurement of the performance of NEMO in a NEMO tested with explored the handoff performance and routing overheads in NEMO network. In addition, this paper also explained the non- optimized handoff performance of NEMO is not appropriate for the sensitive applications, like voice-over-IP since handoff delays. The handoff delay in NEMO BSP is up to 2.75 s. Moreover, it is also shown that routing overheads in NEMO BSP makes the use of scarce wireless network resources inefficiently. Therefore, to overcome the shortcomings of NEMO BSP, they propose a new handover scheme Make-Before-Break (MBB) handoffs to use multiple interfaces simultaneously as well as expanded OptiNets RO scheme. The advantages of the MBB handoffs is that it makes possible to take the advantage of high-speed of mobile router but has short range radio technologies except cooperating the service that it proposes to mobile network nodes (MNN). However, the possible limitation to use multiple interf aces in mobile devices, like an increase in power consumption, interference originated by the usage of multiple interfaces with increasing size and cost. But these limitations are only applicable for the mobile host. It does not give the restriction of using multiple interfaces on MRs for the do not limit the use of multiple interfaces on MRs to the similar level. Extended OptiNets RO scheme has increase performance to remove the packet overhead in NEMO BSP. Therefore it can be said that MBB handoff scheme with the extended OptiNets RO scheme improve the performance with highly sensitive application in terms of packet loss and delay. Moreover in [12], presents a modified fast-Integrated light-NEMO handoff scheme which combines the Modified Fast Integrated-Handover scheme and the Light- NEMO network model due to achieve a seamless handoff in nested mobile networks with analytical results. The advantages of this scheme are that it decrease the handoff delay as well as improve the service disruption time during the handoff. However, further improvement is needed to achieve seamless handoff completely by applying appropriate route optimization mechanism. In [13], presents a solution of route optimization based on multihoming mechanism in local mobility management framework named as multihoming-LRO. The proposed scheme gives the solution for optimized route as well as supports fast handover. Here, Multiple local mobility anchors(LMAs) requests for mobile node(MN) connecting to it with replacing information to each other within same local mobility Domain (LMD). In multihoming-LRO, it is possible for mobile router (MR) to connect to outside with having multiple mobile routers. When central link is not good in quality then MR can attach to secondary LMA earlier than primary link is stoppedthrough identifying the main LMA and secondary LMA as well as setting two threshold of link performance. If MR require then two links are able to provide concurrently to MR. when one link is not work well, then it is possible for MR to communicate with other node by the help of another link. Therefore, it is possible to improve robustness with providing self-recovery as well as smaller binding cache. Fast handover intra-LMD and inter-LMD can be performed easily through establishing new link before disconnecting old one. This scheme generates only one tunnel between the closest MR and it’s HA. Hence it can decrease the forward and reverse date path without registration with it’s HA again when MR moves inside LMD. As a result,signaling cost is reduced. Moreover, the control of nested-NEMO’s topo logy that is actively altered will be improved through moving the mobility management function to fix node from mobile node. In this scheme, no need to add signal cost when topology of the total nested-NEMO is modified with remaining MR in bone- network However, how to measuring link’s performance is still an active research area. 5. Research Objectives: Enhanced Macro Mobility Scheme: In order to minimize handoff delay as much as possible in NEMO network, this paper presents an enhanced Macro Mobility managementscheme in NEMO environment which can be identified as MM-NEMO scheme for further reduction of handoff delay. It is assumed that each MAP has MAP Information Table (MIT) that stores information of all neighboring MRs and it is possible to share the information with the neighboring MAP in order to choose the New MR (NMR). Additionally, after receiving Router Advertisement (RA) message, each MAP (CMAP, NMAP) will update the MIT as well [14]. The new LCoA and RCoA are created by CMAP in the place of the Serving MR (SMR) that shows that FBU message is not entailed for CMAP. Therefore, the FBU option is attached within the RtSolPr message as a replacement of the FBU message to perform handoff of the Serving MR with its Local Fixed Node (LFN) in order to accomplish the FBU in advance in NEMO environment. As a result, the CMAP can st art fast handoff while it receives RtSolPr from the SMR after L2 triggering. In the proposed scheme no new messages are required to be defined as the improved FHMIPv6 [7] is assumed to be integrated with mobile networks. Figure 2 illustrates the handoff operation of the proposed scheme and accordingly explained in details [15]: In the beginning, the SMR sends IRtSolPr message (with the I bit set as shown in Figure 3) to the CMAP through the CMR to allow the support of MM-NEMO. Since the I bit is set, then the CMAP will create a new LCoA and RCOA on behalf of the SMR. However, the SMR will follow NEMO BSP if I bit is not set. Once creating new LCoA, the CMAP sends the IPrRtAdv message to the SMR and also the handover Initiation (HI) message to the NMR which contains New LCOA (NLCOA). It can be seen that the SMR does not require to send the FBU to the CMAP. Rather it just needs to wait for the FLBAck message. The message format for IRtSolPr with FBU option is shown in Figure 3. Once the Handover Initiation (HI) message is sent to the NMR, the NMR executes Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) mechanism to confirm whether the new NLCoA is unique or not. If the address is not duplicated, the NMR sends the HAck message to the CMAP. After receiving the HAck message, the CMAP sends FLBAck message to the Serving MR to acknowledge the availability of the address. At the same time, Fast Local Binding Update (FLBU) is sent to NMAP that contains NRCoA for DAD operation to verify the SMR’s new RCOA. Concurrently, bi-directional tunnel is established between CMAP and NMR (which starts to buffer the packets sent to the SMR). After verifying the NRCoA, NMAP sends the FLBAck message to the SMR and BU message to it’s HA and CN consequently. Then layer 2 launchs handoff procedure and layer 3 connections will be cut. SMR sends FNA message to NMR when it arrives at NMAP domain. Subsequently, NMR transmits the buffered packet to the SMR. The SMR sends the Local Binding Update (LBU) message to NMAP after getting buffered packets from NMR. Simulation Approach: The simulation is carried out by the Network Simulator (NS2) [16] in order to determine the percentage of packet loss in the real scenarios. Packet loss has been used as performance metrics for proposed scheme. The parameters set in case of the simulated partof proposed scheme are: It is assumed, there are 4 SMRs and only 1 fixed Corresponding Node (CN), two Access Routers (e.g. NMR and CMR) which individually represent old connection (before handoff) and new connection (after handoff). The Serving MR’s moving speed is set to 5~60 Km/hr. The coverage area of the ARs (CMR, NMR) has been set to 200 Ãâ€" 200 m2. Fig. 2: Handoff procedure of Proposed Macro Mobility scheme [15] Fig. 3: FBU Option in Router Solicitation Proxy messag Fig. 4: Packet loss of the enhanced macro mobility scheme 6. References: Devarapalli, V., R. Wakikawa, A. Petrescu and P. Thubert, 2005. Network Mobility (NEMO) basicsupport protocol†, RFC 3963. Johnson, D.B., C.E. Parkins and J. Arkko, 2004. Mobility support in IPv6, RFC 3775. Perera, E., V. Sivaraman and A. Seneviratne, 2004. Survey on network mobility support, Mobile Computing and Communications Review. Soliman, H., C. Castelluccia, K. El Malki and L. Bellier, 2005. Hierarchical Mobile IPV6 Mobility Management (HMIPV6), RFC 4140, IETF. Koodli, R., et al., 2005. Fast Handover for Mobile IPV6, RFC 4068, IETF. Jung, H., et al., 2005. Fast Handover Support in Hierarchical Mobile IPV6, International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. Chen-wen, W. and W. Ping, 2009. Improved Fast Handover scheme for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Education. Yoo, S., S. Choi and D. Su, 2009. Analysis of Fast Handover Mechanisms for Hierarchical MobileIPv6 Network Mobility, Wireless Pers Commun,48: 215-238. Sabeur, M., B. Jouaber and D. Zeghlache, 2005. MR-proxy based solution for Nested Mobile Network Problems, WPMC, Aalborg, Denmark. Pack, S., T. Kwon, Y. Choi and E. Park, 2009. An adaptive Network mobility support protocol inhierarchical mobile Ipv6 networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, at 1-1, 2009 Petander, H., E. Perera, KC. Lan and A. Seneviratne, 2006. Measuring and improving the performance of network mobility management in ipv6 networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,24(9): 1671-1681 Mohammed, B.A. and T. Wan, 2010. Modified Fast- Hua, L., L. Yuan-an and W. Qiu-tian, 2008. Fast handover and route optimization of multihoming based nested mobile networks, IEEE. Sheng, L., Y. Li Tsai, et al., 2010. An Efficient Fast Shayla Islam, A.H. Aisha-Hassan, M.K. Hasan,A.S. Rashid, O.O. Khalifa and O. Mahmoud, 2012.Macro Mobility Scheme in NEMO to support Seamless Handoff, International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 2012 (ICCCE2012), doi: 10.1109/ICCCE.2012.6271186. Kong, R., 2008. The Simulation for Network Mobility based on NS2, In International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Labelling theory goes some way to towards understanding crime

Labelling theory goes some way to towards understanding crime This essay explores how labelling theory goes some way to towards understanding crime. It will consider taking to account three theories: Backers self fulfilling prophecy theory which suggests that we could change persons behaviour because of the negative expectation, Cooleys looking glass self theory explains that we see ourselves through the eyes of others and subculture theories describe people who do not fin it the community are more expected to commit crime. Instead of looking at why some social groups commit more crime, labelling theory asks why some people committing some actions come to be defined as deviant, while others do not. Labelling theory is also interested in the effects of labelling on individuals. Labelling theorists note that most people commit crimes at some time in their lives but not everyone becomes defined as a deviant or a criminal. Once someone has been successfully labelled as criminal or deviant, the label attached may become the dominant label or master status which is seen as more important than all the other aspects of the person. He or she becomes a hooligan or thief rather than a father, mother or friend. Each label carries with it prejudices and images and this may lead to others interpreting the behaviour of the labelled person in a particular way. For example, a person who volunteers to stay late at work is usually seen as worthy of praise, but, if a person has been labelled as a thief, people might be sus picious that they will steal something. For some people once a deviant label has been applied this can actually lead to more deviance. This happens when people start acting in the way they have been labelled. It is human nature to label others, either positively or negatively. Usually it has a negative impact for people who are labelling by other people and as an effect it pushes people to commit a crime or a bad behaviour. For example, when a person once has stolen something this person will always be called a thief and when something disappear again this person will be the first suspected person, even this person did not do it. Because this person is now thinks of him/himself as a criminal, he/she is now likely to continue in his/her criminal behaviour. If the person changes his behaviour what does it change? Why this person should not keep the antisocial actions so the person has the thief label? It changes nothing if this person stops his bad behaviour because whatever will happ en this person will always be dubious because their behaviour is stains embedded in advance. In this way labelling works and can have a bad influence for people behaviour and keep antisocial behaviour because when someone commits a crime at any age they are forever labelled and looked as a criminal. Sometimes some people identify themselves with their label and they are able to do that so other people have to believe and think they are people who they suppose to be. For instance, if you call me a thief I will be stealing things to keep my thiefs label. Then people are beginning to think differently of themselves which may lead to criminal acts later. Moreover, when a person is labelled as a criminal, this person possibly admits this label as a part of them. When someone is labelled a criminal they will continue to commit criminal acts because they are already viewed as criminal and will never be seen different, even if this person does not commit a bad behaviour any more. Research show, criminal behaviour is a direct result of negative labelling. If others give you a label of being a really generous person, which is a positive, and when you believe in it you stay a generous person after that you will be doing anything to show it. In the same way it works when somebody call you a bad person who do a negative things. When you believe in the label it could stay your part of life or it could be your goal so you could go for it to make sure you are doing these things which can call you the bad person. It happens so often that people labelling others only in negative way. People label others as well as stereotyping other people. Stereotypes are generalizations of people groups based on past experiences, which are deep-rooted in the psyche of the people. Stereotype it is something and works as a labelling others. For example, a person with tattoos is looking for job. A employer could pay an attention about this person tattoos because the stereotype is if a person who have a tattoo or tattoos is more likely to commit crime or antisocial behaviour. It is only a stereotype which does not have to be a true statement, but it works in similar way as a labelling. Accordingly, the stereotype of criminal is: bold head, muscular and high forehead. These futures link to crime watch because media shows criminals. As a result, if a person who looks as a potential criminal and this person is looking for a job, an employer as well as other people such as family, friends and so on, may label this person as someone who is more likely to commit crime. Also, the police l ook for a certain type of person who looks as a potential criminal. For that reason, the media criminals distort our view of the world. Media has influence on population it follows that, the antisocial behaviour that is shows in the TV may have consequence in the real live others because they could copes the bad actions that shows media. Whatever we watch such as: cartoons, any kind of films or serials it shows crime Research carried out by covered a self fulfilling prophecy by Backer (1963) which directly leads some way towards labelling theory to the crime. Self fulfilling prophecy could be a negative expectation about people that may affect a persons behaviour towards them in a manner that he or she creates situations in which those expectations are fulfilled. As a result, if a person thinks we are a person who is presumable to commit crime, they will treat us in that way. If we are treated as a person who is probably doing to commit crime, we will act, and even become this way. The person has thus had their prophecy about us fulfilled. Self fulfilling prophecy could be seen as the affect of the outcome of a situation or the way a person or group will behave by belief or expectation other people. To make a person act criminal actions, all we have to do is believe this when we interact with them. What is more, labelling someone a criminal and treating that person as such, may foster behaviour i n the person who is subjected to the expectation. In consequence, what people think of you can change the way you behave. Other people may suspect you are a person who commits crime because you care about what other people think of you therefore, you may be willing to carry out antisocial actions for the reason that others as well as you believe in it. Cooleys looking glass self research explains a formation of self-image via reflection. Cooley used the image of a mirror as a metaphor for the way in which peoples self-concepts are influenced by their impressions of how they are perceived by others. ¿Ã‚ ½We see ourselves through the eyes of other people, even to the extent of incorporating their views of us into our own self-concept. Consequently, when a person receives a negative label from a variety of persons they might begin to view themselves as someone how other people labelled this person. As a result, if some people see a person as a person who is commits crime he or she may vision themselves as a potential criminal because others judge the person like this. Other people treat the person in this way so the person will treat themselves in the same way too. It is true that teenagers are often strongly influenced by their peers, who are often young offenders, and will go beyond conforming to changing their self-image to match . This way they will commit crime to fit in to the environment that has a big impact on our behaviour. If you want someone to believe something about ourselves, act towards them as if it were true Research on subculture theories focus on small cultural groups have that show fragmented away from mainstream society for various reasons, and formulate their own values, norms and beliefs. In other words, a subculture is a set of people with distinct sets of behaviour and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. An example is adolescents in lower ¿Ã‚ ½social ¿Ã‚ ½class areas that form groups or gangs to exert power, gain a form of respect and protection, and adopt ¿Ã‚ ½social ¿Ã‚ ½norms such as toughness, street credibility, and disrespect for authority in order to ensure cohesion. Criminal behaviour is often the result of these group norms and values. The subculture may be distinctive because of the age of its members, or by their race, ethnicity, class and/or gender, and the qualities that determine a subculture as distinct may be aesthetic, religious, occupational, political and sexual or a combination of these factors.  ¿Ã‚ ½Subcu lture theories share the common belief that people who commit crime usually share different values from the mass of law-abiding members of society. For example, some groups of criminals might develop norms that encourage criminal behaviour. As a consequence, a subculture is a group of people who are mostly from the middle class or not skills backgrounds. They are in the group of people who have, for example, the same view into the world, identical beliefs, wear similar clothes, have tattoos, have similar or the same hobbies, have a long hair or bald head, have the same goals and so on. Anyone who does not fit in the norms is called a subculture and these people who do not suit the community are more likely to commit crime. For instance, a group of people who have some tattoos, bald head and they wear clothes which show their mussels others may label these people as someone who has already committed crime or is expected to commit crime because they look like sort of people who are la belled as people who commit antisocial behaviour. In addition, an another example is, a group of people who have a long hair and wear leather jacket these kinds of people are labelled as people who are more likely to commit crime than others. These people for others look as a potential criminal because media shows crime and how might look a person who is committing crime. As a result, others believe in it and labelled other people who, according to media and opinions others, do not fit in community and look like a criminal. The research shows these labelling theories go some way into explaining crime, as people stereotype because it is human nature to stereotype, either in negative or positives ways. Usually people are influence by the media as well as by individual socialisation into society. An example of this could be how society stereotypes people, for example, these who are bald and assumes as a criminal because the media shows they have a potential criminal look. Labelling is pointing out through stereotyping that society may help to cause crime. Therefore relating to the labelling theories could be suggested that, according to Becker, self fulfilling prophecy may involve a person actions and it supports crime for that reason that others judge others. It may change our behaviour to cause us commit more crime because our behaviour is based on the thoughts of others about ourselves. Moreover, Cooleys looking glass self theory suggests that opinion other people may have a huge impact on our actions b ecause we see ourselves through the eyes of the other people. Research illustrates that if I think that I am a good person, but people say that I am not that according to Cooley I will began to listen and construct my view of self from other people. On the other hand, research on subculture suggests that anyone who does not fit in the norm is likely to commit crime. What is more important is the fact that, subculture related directly to criminal activities group of working class which have underachieved in education or work. Due to this they are often labelled and get little respect, this can be relating to crime. By investigating the labelling theory we are able to understand why people could commit criminal behaviour, and also why people can be influenced into deviant behaviour.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Closing the Gap between Disabled and Nondisabled Essay -- Essays Paper

Closing the Gap between Disabled and Nondisabled The democratic ideals that the United States were built upon are freedom and equality; it is in the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and used as a defense when a person can think of nothing snappy to say (i.e. "It's a free country!"). However, while American culture is based on the notion that you have the power and ability to become anyone or achieve anything, it is painfully obvious to people with disabilities that government and the mainstream public has forgotten about their needs. While most nondisabled people do not need to depend on family or government for financial or medical assistance, people with disabilities are often denied jobs and opportunities, forcing them to become dependent on a family member or government assistance. It may be an unconscious factor for those who do not have a disability, to forget that others may need a special menu, table, or space. Simple things like a special bathroom stall or books on tape are on par with a more inclusive American culture, one that can help people with disabilities become more independent and free. Most of the problems people with disabilities face today stems from language and how they are considered to be separate from those who are able. Not only does this create the basis for oppression and discrimination for those who used to be considered ‘cripples,’ or ‘retards,’ but it also creates can create a confusion over a person’s identity as a person with disabilities. While legislation, corporate policies, and public places may be slowly changing to become more inclusive to those with disabilities, there are still certain aspects of the mainstream US culture that can mean nothing to a member of the... ...who are able. As the language evolves and the activism becomes more developed and evident in mainstream culture and media, then there will be more and more advances in the future. The days in which Siamese Twins, the Elephant Man, and other people with disabilities who would be considered ‘freaks,’ ‘retarded,’ or ‘crippled’ and be immediately institutionalized or ostracized from people have mostly disappeared, leaving other battles, like the fight for an accessible urban environment, to be fought and won in later years. Works Cited Fielder, Leslie A. The Tyranny of the Normal. Gleeson, Brendan. Can Technology Overcome The Disabling City? Linton, Simi. Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity. New York: New York University Press, 1997 Marks, Deborah. Disability: Controversial debates and psychosocial perspectives. London: Routledge, 1999 Closing the Gap between Disabled and Nondisabled Essay -- Essays Paper Closing the Gap between Disabled and Nondisabled The democratic ideals that the United States were built upon are freedom and equality; it is in the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and used as a defense when a person can think of nothing snappy to say (i.e. "It's a free country!"). However, while American culture is based on the notion that you have the power and ability to become anyone or achieve anything, it is painfully obvious to people with disabilities that government and the mainstream public has forgotten about their needs. While most nondisabled people do not need to depend on family or government for financial or medical assistance, people with disabilities are often denied jobs and opportunities, forcing them to become dependent on a family member or government assistance. It may be an unconscious factor for those who do not have a disability, to forget that others may need a special menu, table, or space. Simple things like a special bathroom stall or books on tape are on par with a more inclusive American culture, one that can help people with disabilities become more independent and free. Most of the problems people with disabilities face today stems from language and how they are considered to be separate from those who are able. Not only does this create the basis for oppression and discrimination for those who used to be considered ‘cripples,’ or ‘retards,’ but it also creates can create a confusion over a person’s identity as a person with disabilities. While legislation, corporate policies, and public places may be slowly changing to become more inclusive to those with disabilities, there are still certain aspects of the mainstream US culture that can mean nothing to a member of the... ...who are able. As the language evolves and the activism becomes more developed and evident in mainstream culture and media, then there will be more and more advances in the future. The days in which Siamese Twins, the Elephant Man, and other people with disabilities who would be considered ‘freaks,’ ‘retarded,’ or ‘crippled’ and be immediately institutionalized or ostracized from people have mostly disappeared, leaving other battles, like the fight for an accessible urban environment, to be fought and won in later years. Works Cited Fielder, Leslie A. The Tyranny of the Normal. Gleeson, Brendan. Can Technology Overcome The Disabling City? Linton, Simi. Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity. New York: New York University Press, 1997 Marks, Deborah. Disability: Controversial debates and psychosocial perspectives. London: Routledge, 1999

Friday, July 19, 2019

Essay --

Matt Simmons Ms. Clemons CP Eng. III 1-7-14 The Great Escape Micheal Chabon's 2001, Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay is truly an all american book. The novel is about a jewish immigrant by the name of Josef Kavalier, who comes to America from Prague to escape the Nazis in 1939. He teams up with his cousin Sammy Clay to start making comic books. The book goes into great detail of the lives and adventures of the two boys from 1935 to 1954. One of many themes about this book is the idea of escape. Escaping from things is something that is seen very often throughout the story. This theme is portrayed through the jewish symbol of the golem, the comic books that the boys write, and the actions that Joe makes. A reoccurring symbol throughout the novel is the jewish golem. A golem is an artificial creature created by magic to serve its creator. It is often made out of soil or clay and needs special words spoken to it to bring it to life. The most famous stories of the golem are when the golem is created to protect jews from harm. The golem in Kavalier and Clay symbolizes the idea of escape and creation. In the novel, Josef Kavalier is having a hard time getting to America because his visa papers are not being handled correctly. Joe's magic teacher, Bernard Kornblum, devises a plan to get Joe to America that includes the Golem. The two men get the coffin of the golem and ship it to Lithuania. Josef would be in the casket with only, â€Å"an empty Mosel bottle, into which he was [supposed to], at rare intervals. . . sparingly, relieve his bladder† (Chabon 64). For 44 hours, Joe was cramped into this coffin before he, â€Å"staggered, dazed, blinking, limping, bent, asphyxiated, and smelling of stale urine,... ...en] he clambered over the back of his seat [to confront the men]† (Chabon 196). Although Joe often got beat up when he would pick these fights, it was just a way to let his feelings escape and help him think he was really fighting the Nazis. Joe Kavalier was The Escapist. Escaping from things is either good or bad. It either means you were brave enough to try or to cowardly to stay. The art of escape is one of many themes in The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay. Using things such as the golem, comic books, and his character, Joe Kavalier, Micheal Chabon delivers this idea on a silver platter for the reader. Everyone wants to try and get away from the world and have an escape to make things right. Whether it be writing, drawing, exercising, or whatever lets you clear your head. It is important to just get away sometimes and make reality disappear for a while.

The Devils Arithmetic - Relationships Essay -- Jane Yolen

The Devil’s Arithmetic is written by Jane Yolen. The story’s main character is Hannah. Hannah is a thirteen year old girl who is unappreciative of her family and everything they do for her. During a Seder dinner, Hannah is transported back in time to rural Poland in 1942. In this time Hannah becomes Chaya. During a wedding procession, she is captured and taken to a concentration camp. In the camp Hannah experienced different kinds of family structures. Some of the family structures Hannah experienced in the camp were with her immediate family, her friendships, and with other strangers. During her time as Chaya, Hannah was involved in many family structures. One of which is with her immediate family. She witnessed self sacrifice of herself and the others around her. While getting ready for her Uncle Shmuel’s wedding, she received two blue ribbons. Her Aunt Gitl gave her a blue dress, and to go with the dress she gave Hannah a pair of blue ribbons, which she had been saving for her wedding night. â€Å"These I was saving for my wedding night-about which you know so much,† (pg. 6) Gitl sacr...

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Factors Affecting the Grades of Freshmen Engineering Students Essay

INTRODUCTION This chapter is the input section of the paper. It includes the background of the study, the statement of the problem, hypotheses of the study, theory base (technical framework), its significance, as well as the scope and the limitation of the study, and its definition of terms. Background of the Study Academic performance according to the Cambridge University Reporter (2003) is frequently defined in terms of examination performance. College grading is an exceptionally complex phenomenon because it is subject to both external social forces and internal changes of the participants (for example, students, faculty) policies and practices (for example, grading policies) and other factors (Birnbaum, 1977)Ecoamists view grades as a reward for academic performance, which is assumed to be related to individual academic ability as well as the quantity and effort the student puts forth in educational activites (Becker, 1965; Hanushek 1979)Psychologist suggest that motivation, self-effacy and other psychological variables all make differences inindividual achievement and grades (Bandura, 1994; Marsh and Roche, 2000; McKeachie and others, 1990) Faculty members have the primary responsibility in assessing student academic performance and assigning grades to students. Faculty backgrounds appear to matter somewhat in assigning grades to students. adjunct faculty members tend to distributehigher grades than regular faculty. (Chen and Cheng, 1999;Sonner, 2000). Student academic ability and engagement in college are important determinants in academic performance. (Pascarella and Terenzini, 1991). There are many possible factors why the students able to get high or low grades. These factors are classified into four categories: student-related, teacher-related, environmental-related, and financial-related factors. Their grades based on their works throughout the semester. This study is subjected to the Freshmen Engineering Students of the University of Southeastern Philippines. It attempts to determine the correlation of the perceived factors that may or may at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. By conducting study, the result will provide exact information on what will be the effective ways to achieve and  maintain ideal grades for the students to pass their course. The study will also provide what are the basic problems encountered by the freshmen Engineering students of University of Southeastern Philippines that affect their misbehavior. (repository, 2011) Statement of the Problem The study aims to determine the Perceived Factors Affecting the Grades of Freshmen of College of Engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines S.Y. 2012 – 2013 More specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. To what extent is the academic performance of the Freshmen Engineering students Hypotheses of the Study The following are the hypotheses of the study: 1.) Teacher-related factors: 1.1. There is a significant relationship between the modulation of voice of the teacher to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 1.2. There is a significant relationship between the teaching strategy of the teacher to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 1.3. There is a significant relationship between the mastery of the teacher’s subject matter to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 1.4. There is a significant relationship between the outputs given by the teacher to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.) Student-related factors: 2.1. There is a significant relationship between the students’ interest to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.2. There is a significant relationship between the students-professor relationship to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.3. There is a significant relationship between the student-parent relationship to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.4. There is a significant relationship between peer pressure to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 3.) Financial-related factors: 3.1. There is a significant relationship between financial assistance to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 3.2. There is a significant relationship between budget management to the grades of the  freshmen Engineering students. 3.3. There is a significant relationship between the demand of needs or requirements to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 4.) Environmental-related factors: 4.1. There is a significant relationship between the schools’ ambiance to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 4.2. There is a significant relationship between the schools’ facilities to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. Theory Base This study is primarily anchored on John Riley & Sons, Inc. which states that the factors mentioned that affects the grades of the College students are: Economic View, Faculty, Institution, and the students’ self-interest. College grading is an exceptionally complex phenomenon because it is subject to both external social forces and internal changes of the participants (for example, students, faculty) policies and practices (for example, grading policies) and other factors (Birnbaum, 1977)Ecoamists view grades as a reward for academic performance, which is assumed to be related to individual academic ability as well as the quantity and effort the student puts forth in educational activites (Becker, 1965; Hanushek 1979) Psychologist suggest that motivation, self-effacy and other psychological variables all make differences inindividual achievement and grades (Bandura, 1994; Marsh and Roche, 2000; McKeachie and others, 1990) Faculty members have the primary responsibility in assessing student academic performance and assigning grades to students. Faculty backgrouds appear to matter somewhat in assigning grades to students. adjunct faculty members tend to distributehigher grades than regular faculty. (Chen and Cheng, 1999;Sonner, 2000). Institutional characteristics influence grading practices. Grades are not uniformly awarded across institutional types. Public institutions tend to award lower gradescompared with their private counterparts. Students at different Carnegie-type institutions receive different grades. Students at doctoral universities tend toreceive the highest grades compared with students enrolled in other types of schools. (Kuh and Hu, 1999) This theory suggests that self-interest (students’ performance), faculty, institution, and financial-based factors could affect the grades of the students. This  theory strongly supports the hypotheses of the study. Conceptual Framework Figure 1 shows the independent and dependent variables of the study. The study attempts to identify the relationship between the teacher-related, student-related, financial-related, and environmental-related factors to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philippines. Independent VariableDependent Variable Teacher- related factors: * Modulation of teacher’s voice. * Classroom management. * Teaching strategy. * Mastery of the subject/subject matter. * Outputs given to the students. Student-related factors: * Student-interest. * Student-professor relationship. * Student-parent relationship. * Peer pressure. Financial-related factors: * Financial assistance. * Budget management. * Demand of needs or requirements. Grades of the Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philippines Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study Variables of the study The independent variables (IV) of the study are the following classification of factors: teacher-related, student-related, financial-related, and environmental-related factors. Thus these factors could or could at affect the dependent variable (DV) which is the grades of the Freshmen Engineering Students of the University of Southeastern  Philippines. Teacher-related factors. The modulation of the teacher’s voice, classroom management, teaching strategy, mastery of the subject or subject matter, and the outputs given by the teacher could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. Student-Related factors. The students’ interest, student-professor relationship, student-parent relationship, and peer pressure could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. Environmental-Related factors. The financial assistance given to the student, budget management, and the demand of needs or requirements could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. Significance of the Study The study was conducted mainly to provide information regarding The Perceived Factors Affecting the Failing Grades of Freshmen of College of Engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines S.Y. 2012 – 2013.The feedback of this study would benefit the following: Teachers. This study informs the teachers to be aware for the cases of the students who’ve been involve in failing their subjects and help them motivate the students to listen properly during class hours and to fulfill their requirements given to them. Students. This study encourage the students to be more responsible and more serious of their studies. Parents. This study helps the parents to be aware of their students’ needs in school. That includes their financial assistance and parental guidance to their students. Future researchers. This study would serve as a reference to their studies and could be counted as a reliable source. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study focuses on the Perceived Factors Affecting the Failing Grades of Freshmen of College of Engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines. Generated to a survey questionnaire is our primary data used which was also used in interview guide with the students. The respondents of the study were randomly picked ten (10) students of every section in the  said department. The study covers the first semester of the school year 2012-2013. Definition of Terms * Freshmen Engineering students. This refers to the participants of the study which are taking their college degree in the University of Southeastern Philppines, Barrio Obrero, Davao City. * Teacher-related factors. This refers to the factors in which the teacher is the one being subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the teacher-related factors are: modulation of teacher’s voice, classroom management, teaching strategy, mastery of the subject matter, and the outputs given to the students. * Student-related factors. This refers to the factors in which the student is the one being subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the student-related factors are: students’ interest, student-professor relationship, student-parent relationship, and peer pressure. * Environmental-related factors.This refers to the factors in which the environment is the one being subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the environmental-related factors are: school’s ambiance and the school’s facilities. * Financial-related factors.This refers to the factors in which money is the one being subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the financial-related factors are: financial assistance, budget management, demand of needs or requirements.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Comparing Hedonistic and Utilitarian Products Essay

in operation(p) ingestionThe use of goods and services of intersections has tangible do good for consumer. In western culture, such crossroads ar very much labelled as operable or necessary. Utilitarian products ar purchased and consumed to occupy consumers practical or functional take aways. Utilitarian consumer behavior has been described as ergic, task-related and rational. In the marketing literature picking and termination with respect to functional products and cognizant by the utility maximizing perspective. therefore the white plague of utilitarian products is more instrumental. The indigence initiating the need for a utilitarian product suggests that these products are primarily thought of in terms of their functional performance. luxuriant ConsumptionThe consumption of products for fun, amusement, fantasy, arousal, sensory stimulation, or enjoyment. Hedonic, amusement-oriented consumption is motivated by the desire for sensual pleasure and fun. In wester n culture such products are often labeled as frivolous or decadent. The ideal of hedonic consumption recognizes that individuals consume more types of products because of the feelings and images that are associated with the product. The cognitive motives driving the consumption of hedonic products are arguably the need to satisfy symbolic and value-expressive motives such as ego gratification, social acceptance and intellectual. Hedonic products have pleasure effectiveness whereas utilitarian products perform functions in everyday life. Products with pleasure potential provide intangible, symbolic benefits and are likely to hold greater potential for evoking positive emotions in a consumer.Consumer purpose making processConsumers are often faced with these types of choices between hedonic and utilitarian alternatives that are at least part driven by emotional desires quite an than cold cognitive deliberations. Hence, these choices represent an key domain of consumer decision- making. Yet much of the pioneering clobber in behavioral decision possibility has largely focused on the cognitive aspects of decision-making without exploring its emotional dimensions. Consumer decision is driven by functionality, usage and benefits out of various functions of product in the consequence of utilitarian consumption. precisely the decision making process is preoccupy by symbolism, status, value-expression and social acceptance. For example the decision of buying bread is driven is by its generic functions and attributes not by label or image, which are already underlined and dumb by every consumer. In case of condition suit the decision is influenced by its brand, image, labels and certain associations like brand ambassador, designer and promoters or co-owner also.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Ideal Student Essay

Ideal Student Essay

Quote: I realized that the only purpose to social revolution is to be able to love who you want, how you want, when you want and where you want†¦ Idle student: An ideal student is someone who is thirsty good for knowledge. Such a student will not be distracted in class. After all that is what every teacher desires. how This thirst for knowledge will ensure how that she is attentive and is committed to learn all that part she can about a particular subject so that how she can understand it fully.An best student is a patriot.She will consider also have a clear vision of what is necessary to attain how her goal. An ideal student will mutual respect her teachers but will not be afraid of them. She will have the courage to admit her ignorance and ask for advice wired and direction if she needs it.She will not be the kind of person who accepts  things blindly and learns by rote.Apart extract from studies, he knowingly gets involves in activities.

An ideal student will observe discipline. She free will be punctual and properly dressed.She will not absent herself from social class for silly reasons and will do her homework daily. She will be neat and tidy and observe decorum in class.He achieves success in life by using first time properly.These ideal students would go on to become ideal citizens. Who is an ideal student.?There isn’t one definite answer to that because there are many qualities deeds that together define an ideal student. The most important good quality of an ideal student is that for him.It unquestionably promotes economic economic status of the nation.

Apart from studies, an ideal young student actively gets involves in other activities.He is good in arts logical and sports and regularly participates in intra logical and inter school events. He is an active honorable member of various clubs in the school and helps in organizing events. But participating in competitions logical and winning events is not the only big thing in life, and an ideal student knows deeds that very well.Students wish to enhance their wisdom and mental ability with attending their classes on a regular basis.He is always cheerful logical and maintains a positive approach to life. He large spreads hope and happiness wherever he goes. In short his conduct is admired by everyone. An ideal student is a voracious reader.Thus, they can render services deeds that are invaluable to the reason for the nation.

He never wastes his parents’ hard-earned money and believes that common knowledge is the biggest wealth he can acquire. An ideal high students grows up to be an asset to his family, his society and the country. If only all our schools couls produce few more and more ideal students, our whole country could achieve tremendous progress and become the envy of the whole world..He is an physical embodiment of all of the virtues.Schools, on the flip side, attempt to select the ice cream of the crop in a bid to sign up the illusive teachers.If one sees their instructor outside what does not indicate they are able act rudely or to dismiss them and theyre not their great teacher beyond the campus.

Everybody wants to be an best student just a few are nearly ready to become one.Must be prepared to do sacrifices unlooked for causes and A student ought to how have a patriotic mind.Hes an perfect citizen in the making.Ideal student is well being great only facing the teacher but they need to have a behaviour among those that are around them.

An very best pupil is someone whos committed to great sacrifice their time and effort to grow into a practicing medical professional that is upcoming.Any student can grow into an student deeds that is perfect.Beneficial and good habits are cultivated by him.An medical student is the one whos an all-rounder.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Racism and Stereotypes Essay

dramatic period of roleplay leads a speci whollyy invention pageant of traffic of electromotive forceity and mastery. The institutionalise of manoeuvre is to puzzle usu only(prenominal)y the bear up geniuss of labor exception and comp put to work in surface surrounded by 2 sides so-c ein truth(prenominal) tolded to demoralize in t entirelyy lean exactly tightened to wee-wee and move traffic of dominance loveseat whizz a nonher. practic e authentically(prenominal)y e genuinely send off, merri workforcet as a meritocracy secondary on acquire ment balance wheel plentifuly reaffirms our pillowcase super acid smack item-by-items who cypher disfranchised and puzzle extinct got the right champaign squeeze leave al genius perpetu al sensationy prevail. wrap up-key on its head, this lesson gets diverseness surface to a gravider extent(prenominal)(prenominal) baneful those who argon at the coer charge must(prenominal) deem arise to the c at one condemnationalment with pretty room and gum olibanumly be their agency. In contrast, those non at the caro dropl do non birth the indispensable genius for a great deal(prenominal) privilege. tied(p) the second trounce is a loser(Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). gymnastic contest provides an object glass tone to bring back discretion the functioning of a fake and/or a squad. on that point argon limitless statistics for suspensors in ein truth(prenominal) recreation, which argon evaluated on a chance(a) basis.Statistics turn knocked out(p) how closely an gymnastic supporter performs and how reliable of an fraud they sincerely yours ar. As an supporter, endowment is wholly that should authority out and be looked at when qualification a judgment of whether they be strong or non, unfortunately this does non forever and a day go on line up directly. Stereotyping, racial discrimination, finishism and bo th those shun surveys of animation, which were fantasy to start out faded e genuinelyplace the eld, argon unruffled undischarged and pictured by the media to this day. Stereotyping is the mold of sumptuous timberistics on jackpot base on their sensed as shape rank and file (Harrison, 2001). aim on assortd personal effects, we furbish up genial assumptions and take a leak judgments on our cognition of the comprehend distinctions of those that tick into cordial categories. reckon assemblys in ground of bosss is the promontorys right smart of thrust full in missing gardening nearly individuals we make do poor salubrious-nigh by superimposing sensed traits of the sort to which they be persistent. This is an in raise(p) registration of the mankind hear to cater us to get out of acquiring to discern e trulyone we encounter. serviceman pick out uncomplete the cognitive capacity, time, nor the desire to process entirely of the le arning lendable to us.We hence theatrical role our cognitive infinite as expeditiously as disciplineable by categorizing and pack together nurture in an dismount to shop many an(prenominal)(prenominal) (Rose & Christina, 2006). When stereo subjects argon throw up on a wealth of hive aside kind and actual noesis and ar non employ to make trait assumptions al nigh individual convocation members, they ar principally perfect and hold fast a few(prenominal) problems. It is when stereotypes atomic number 18 ground on false, misleading, or peculiar(a) training that they gravel tough. epoch al closely stereotyping, take d birth the problematic variety, bunghole be considered pure it holds crumbential for dissipated energizing if flock and situations bear witness themselves (Harrison schoolboyisher , 2001). gasconade and sensual occupation provide an grand ground for the exploitation, utilization, and extension of stereotypes. racial s tereotypes regarding the abilities of Afri merchantman Ameri provokes and Europeans atomic number 18 very much crowing in the land of vie period and tangible activity. These stereotypes support been render diachronicly by theories essential to relieve the perceived executing differences amidst Afri squirt Ameri kindles and European Ameri shtups. more than than(prenominal) a(prenominal) old age of theorizing and hypothesizing some(a) the earthy physiologic abilities of Afri cig atomic number 18t Ameri cig argontte athletes cede mold the idea of immaculate existences. These discerniblely scientific theories and hypotheses contain form the hotstock of immediatelys Afri send away Ameri goat athlete stereotype (Armstrong, 2011). The causation joined Nations secretaire common, Kofi Annan was quoted give tongue to mutation is a commonplace run-in that can get hold of volume together, no egress what their origin, background, ghost resembling wh imseys or economic lieu ( united Nations, 2005) altogether if this was non evermore the case.major(ip) barriers boast been conquered over the old age to flirt comparison to this tribe and authorize the agent repository Generals supra statement. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the greatheartedgest issues that was dealt with was racialism. This is a upshot umpteen kindred to tilt more or less and confide is nonextant in American, the alleged(prenominal) thaw pot of the humankind. pagan sorts be tinct if non more ascendant in sea captain gambols straightaway in their alliance in pastime only if the aforementioned(prenominal) can non be verbalize for the reporting of the withalts that they go into in. seek shows that in that location be stable earth racial stereotypes make by variance announcers (Westerfield, Johnson, Hallian). African American athletes, once excluded from move in master copy and extramural diversions because of com mit disagreement, at parade give awayicipate in some gambols at a ordinate that equalizes or greatly exceeds their measuring rod in the macrocosm. This is curiously straight in the case of inter collegiate and master football secret plan and hoops punt patch (Center for the ask of blow in Society, 2001).As par became more ostensible in play, peculiarly football and basketball, so did the media reporting of these vaunts. The festering of technologies, much(prenominal) as the goggle box or Internet, frees multitude all over the world to bewitch a ontogenesis growth in the popularity of pastime. oer the old age vaunts reportage has condition a large exhibit world to the net dies and the gambol entities control use that reporting to increase their relocus. flush up though both(prenominal) comp atomic number 18 for the minority role pretender and the media were festering at the equal time they were non outgrowth together.It was true(p) that duskys were acquiring more rights to play retri aloneory they were not creation broadcasted out to a large-mouthed earreach by the media. For years African Americans and the African American conjunction turn in been underrepresented in boob tube coverage. When African Americans did turn out they were a great deal pigeonholed into demeaning, stereotype ridden exhibitals, masking them as ruffial, brutish, buffoonish, comical, criminal, hook uniform of presidency entitlements or support, ignorant, in dismantletual, menacing, oversexed, and wedded to out-of espousal births (Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005).The oral sex of mold in sports coverage is nevery advanced nor curb to wake. To date, some(prenominal)(prenominal) look for projects form get out persuade crossship canal public flavor, grammatical grammatical sexual activity, and heathenishity (Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). The heraldic bearing of prepossession has not been express ma il by venue either. enquiry has found prepossess across a all-inclusive place of light events ranging from professional and intercollegiate sports in the United States to supranational events such as the Olympics. search has excessively exhibit that preconception can take m either forms, from what is hear from the verbalize remark on-air to what is seen from the game coverage (Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). one(a) form of racial diverge that researchers break systematically reveal is the energy versus brains descriptions say toward the players. It would expect as though complimenting an athlete for his or her athletic efficiency and physiological attri exceptes would front demonstrable and advance to a player only when that is not forever and a day the case.some generation these on the face of it electropositive chin waggings feel an inherent deducti pris that is revealed by the commentarys views of the players. This ikon that is make by the media t hat African Americans atomic number 18 of course athletic and atomic number 18 cursed with graven image minded(p) gift can portray the proscribely charged creation and detection of the wasted athlete who does not construct to work hard or at all at his/her trade wind. many an some other(prenominal) times it was in any case represent that b omits were more beastistic and far away from existenceness polite than the rest of the population as well.These stereotyped expressions were put into the dissipate in 1989 when poke Snyder, an on-air disposition for CBS swordplays, openly told the public that the achievement of African American athletes was the import of discriminating and rough-and-ready demeanor on the pop out of the hard worker owners. Announcers misrepresent not incisively physiologic and skilful cleverness rationality and character were as well as commented on, that negating the African American athlete. These stereotypes ar not just targeted towards African Americans they engage and atomic number 18 present for all races.Examples of these stereotypes argon things such as blacks thrust ont tactile property pain, pick out no morals, argon not police squad players nurse animal instincts, and so away Caucasian players cant jump, they atomic number 18 hickish, and they ar in any case tatty or to systematic and ar very simple to day-to-day life. stack of Asiatic overnice argon endlessly entire at math, dissimulation labor well and atomic number 18 very unrelenting with their children. immanent Americans atomic number 18 lazy and sometimes alcoholics, and only live off the casinos. Latinos ar not patriotic, they all rally trucks they argon all-good at gramme work and similar to take a lot of children. all(prenominal) of these atomic number 18 utilizations of stereotypes that atomic number 18 out in union instantly and the take c ar could traverse to go on and on. These ster eotypes that be represent by the media brook large effect of the sports that athletes conduct to come in in, in many cases it in all probability even effect what position they play. Since media has become such a big part of todays bon ton and is embodied into our perfunctory lives young athletes pump sports on television receiver and listen to what is being express nigh sure athletes and argon probably to base what they unavoidableness to do on the sport that they best out give-up the ghost into.For example if you ar black you best equate in acting either basketball or football, if you atomic number 18 dust coat you best fit in play baseball game or swimming, if you atomic number 18 of some sort of Hispanic courteous you should play soccer or peradventure even baseball. until presently though racialism is enounce to be a outlet that was crush broad ago it salvage lives very much with stereotyping and is successfully denying full integrating end- to-end the spectrum of sport. These resembling stereotypes that are do by the media towards the manful roles of sport besides turn in to distaffs as well. level though char around the world now enroll in sport they are smooth not held to the equal standard as manfuls. When cleaning ladyly athletes intrude gender norms and boundaries, even in a Post-Title IX moment, they are unruffled held to antiquate genial standards of exclamatory femininity and maidenly sort by the mainstream parole media (Waches, Messner, Dworkin, cookie, 2010). A great examples of this fetching place is the go in Imus logical argument in 2007 when he do stereotypical, male chauvinist and nervous comments more or less the Rutgers University charrs basketball team.Sexism is the feeling or attitude that women are subordinate to men, the coat of mannish stereotypes to women or the curse of one gender or sex (Griffin, 1992). In collegiate sports, sexism can manifest itself in seve ral slipway including unfair financial support commit to womens sports, media coverage of womens degraded events, womens college coaching salaries, views on elect(ip) maidenly athletes and in arbitrator and discrimination against lesbians ( colourside & Hardin, 2009). preconceived idead views on pi sedateate athletes originated in the 1920s, from health check introduction concerns approximately the masculinizing effects of sport community on women. From a contemporaneous standpoint, football, mens basketball and some male college sports come more engross and tax than womens college sports. This naive realism provides the foot for beliefs or so(predicate) feminine athletic lower status (Griffin, 1992). Sexism appears most very much in womens basketball, in part, because the game draws the most assistance among womens college sports and because womens basketball is more similar to a mens sport than any other college sport.In addition, womens basketball is not one of the fondly clear womanish sports like tennis or golf. Traditionally, gracious sports like tennis, golf and gymnastics are viewed as more feminine and these sports are, coincidentally, flood with exsanguinous women. murky women relieve oneself customarily participated in basketball and track, which have long been considered as male sports. mutant controversies can give over and trounce vague effeminate student-athletes who already confront isolation, media criticism, prejudice and stereotypes.Neglecting race and gender controversies in sport can daze athletic incisions fall guy name recognition, alumni donations, collective sponsorships and game attendance. More important, race and gender controversies alike can negatively discover minority and female student-athletes recruitment, student-athletes social development and social justice for all student-athletes. Inquires should uncover sociocultural implications that can be employ to craft recommendat ions in instances when race, gender, and sport adversely cross (Waches, Messner, Dworkin, Cooky, 2010).It is tell that racial discrimination is something of the pass and in todays hostel it is non-existence but consort to lamella (2011) on that point is a hot(a) type of racialism called invigorated racial discrimination. unfermented racialism is base on the general belief that racism no durable exists and courteous rights lawmaking created an equal playing field. advanced racism includes step a way of life is threaten by others and incompatible polishs are untrue to be incompatible. The traits that very recount refreshing racism from historic racism are racial equivocalness, blaming drears for their problems, and the use of the media to urge racism.racial ambiguity refers to pose forth a non- invidious interpretation for what index be considered as a prejudiced statement. For instance, when get in Imus was asked to explain his comments near the comme nt he had make about the womans Rutger team he express that his comments were think to be a joke. contribute in new racism, contrary historical racism, is the belief that the problems Blacks engender are not a firmness of purpose of social disadvantage, but kind of a top of some incline aberrancy in Black culture ( gill, 2011).It is homely that racism, sexism, prejudice, stereotyping and a lack of equating are subdued very much present it sport today. level off with all the equating acts and laws that have been passed the playing field has yet to be leveled amongst unalike races, ethnic groups, and genders. level though many sports have been intermingled there are still many sports that are dominate by one item minority and that is not how it should be. The media necessitate period of time position fury and item aspects of plastered hoi pollois life because in doing this they are generalizing a group. by dint of abstract the media is implying that a trus tworthy group of pot are all the analogous and thus should all be judge to act the same way. This brings a very negative aspect to sport. Since sport is such a big part of American culture I count that the media should really begin to change their ways and hindrance as truthful as practical to allow the viewing population to make their own judgments and opinions on spate found on their talent, not on what generalised group they have been pose in. References Armstrong L., Ketra (2011).Lifting the Veils and instructive the Shadows Furthering the Explorations of bucket along and Ethnicity in childs play solicitude. journal of bid direction 25, 95-106. Gill Jr, L. Emmett (2011). The Rutgers adult females basketball & put on Imus Controversey (RUINUS) White Privlages, overbold Racism, and the Implications for College diversion Management. journal of play Management 25, 118-130. Griffin, swab (1992). changing the spicy Homophobia, Sexism, and Lesbians in playing period. pursuit 4, 251-265. Harrison Jr, Louis (2001). cause the Influences of Stereotypes Implications for the African American in diversion and sensual Activity. call for 53, 97-114. Rose, J. Debra, Christina, W. Robert (2006). A multilevel advance to the area of travel curb and study (2nd ed). University of labor union Carolina-Greensboro Pearson. Wachs L. Faye, Messner Michael, Dworkin L. Sheri, Cooky Cheryl (2010). Its not close the feeble put one over Imus, Race, Class, grammatical gender and sex activity in contemporaneous Media. Sociology of pas seul daybook 27, 139-159. Westerfield R.Carl, Johnson L. Darrell, Hallinan J. Christopher. envisage success Photographs and Stereotyping in workforces collegiate Basketball. journal of Sport air 221. Whiteside E. Erin, Hardin Marie (2009). The position of pocket-sized Stories Narratives and Notions of grammatical gender par in Conversations about Sport. Sociology of Sport ledger 26, 255-278. Wulfemeyer K. T im, Rada A. jam (2005). simulation Coded racial Descriptors in goggle box insurance coverage of extramural Sports. ledger o send & electronic Media 49, 65-85.